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Vision-Capable LLMs in Microsurgery: A Blinded Comparison of Two AI Models with Expert Microsurgeons in the Appraisal of 200 Experimental Anastomoses.

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Title: Vision-Capable LLMs in Microsurgery: A Blinded Comparison of Two AI Models with Expert Microsurgeons in the Appraisal of 200 Experimental Anastomoses.
Authors: Esanu V; Center for Complex Microvascular Surgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Surgical Unit, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Colosi HA; Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Agoston S; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Marziali E; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Ilies RA; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Hantig LM; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Paun CM; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Stoia AI; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Onaciu A; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Pop IC; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Boznea CM; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Vartolomei AM; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Moustafa F; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Surgical Unit, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Dirven C; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Dindelegan GC; Department of General Surgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; First Surgical Unit, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Volovici V; Center for Complex Microvascular Surgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Source: Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) [Med Sci (Basel)] 2026 May 02; Vol. 14 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 02.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Comparative Study
Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101629322 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2076-3271 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20763271 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Sci (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Vision-Capable LLMs in Microsurgery: A Blinded Comparison of Two AI Models with Expert Microsurgeons in the Appraisal of 200 Experimental Anastomoses.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Esanu+V%22">Esanu V</searchLink>; Center for Complex Microvascular Surgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Surgical Unit, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Colosi+HA%22">Colosi HA</searchLink>; Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Agoston+S%22">Agoston S</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marziali+E%22">Marziali E</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ilies+RA%22">Ilies RA</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hantig+LM%22">Hantig LM</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Paun+CM%22">Paun CM</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stoia+AI%22">Stoia AI</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Onaciu+A%22">Onaciu A</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pop+IC%22">Pop IC</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boznea+CM%22">Boznea CM</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vartolomei+AM%22">Vartolomei AM</searchLink>; Department of Experimental Microsurgery, Simulation and Experiment Center, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moustafa+F%22">Moustafa F</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Surgical Unit, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dirven+C%22">Dirven C</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dindelegan+GC%22">Dindelegan GC</searchLink>; Department of General Surgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; First Surgical Unit, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Volovici+V%22">Volovici V</searchLink>; Center for Complex Microvascular Surgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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