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Using Heart Rate to Measure Stress in Healthcare Workers Wearing PAPRs and N95 Masks: Insights from a Randomized Trial.

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Title: Using Heart Rate to Measure Stress in Healthcare Workers Wearing PAPRs and N95 Masks: Insights from a Randomized Trial.
Authors: Almeida RMA; Institute of Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Federal University of Itajubá-UNIFEI, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil., Maciel RR; Institute of Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Federal University of Itajubá-UNIFEI, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil., Moraes CHV; Institute of Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Federal University of Itajubá-UNIFEI, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil., Ciofi-Silva CL; School of Nursing, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil., Oliveira NA; São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Araras 13600-001, SP, Brazil.; São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Limeira 13482-890, SP, Brazil., Mainardi GM; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil., Cordeiro L; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil., Levin ASS; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil., Price AI; Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA., Lin YL; World Health Organization-WHO, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland., Padoveze MC; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.
Source: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [Sensors (Basel)] 2026 Jun 03; Vol. 26 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 03.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101204366 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-8220 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14248220 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sensors (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Using Heart Rate to Measure Stress in Healthcare Workers Wearing PAPRs and N95 Masks: Insights from a Randomized Trial.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Almeida+RMA%22">Almeida RMA</searchLink>; Institute of Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Federal University of Itajubá-UNIFEI, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maciel+RR%22">Maciel RR</searchLink>; Institute of Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Federal University of Itajubá-UNIFEI, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moraes+CHV%22">Moraes CHV</searchLink>; Institute of Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Federal University of Itajubá-UNIFEI, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ciofi-Silva+CL%22">Ciofi-Silva CL</searchLink>; School of Nursing, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oliveira+NA%22">Oliveira NA</searchLink>; São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Araras 13600-001, SP, Brazil.; São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Limeira 13482-890, SP, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mainardi+GM%22">Mainardi GM</searchLink>; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cordeiro+L%22">Cordeiro L</searchLink>; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Levin+ASS%22">Levin ASS</searchLink>; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Price+AI%22">Price AI</searchLink>; Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lin+YL%22">Lin YL</searchLink>; World Health Organization-WHO, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Padoveze+MC%22">Padoveze MC</searchLink>; School of Nursing, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101204366%22">Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)</searchLink> [Sensors (Basel)] 2026 Jun 03; Vol. 26 (11). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jun 03.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22MDPI%22">MDPI </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Switzerland <i>NLM ID: </i>101204366 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1424-8220 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2214248220%22">14248220 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Sensors (Basel) <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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              Text: 2026 Jun 03
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