Privacy-aware diabetic retinopathy grading and visual lesion-focused interpretability through mixture-of-experts federated deep learning with explainable AI.

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Title: Privacy-aware diabetic retinopathy grading and visual lesion-focused interpretability through mixture-of-experts federated deep learning with explainable AI.
Authors: Tashrif MTA; Department of CSE, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research (NITER), Constituent Institute of the University of Dhaka, Savar, Dhaka, 1350, Bangladesh., Kundu D; Department of CSE, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research (NITER), Constituent Institute of the University of Dhaka, Savar, Dhaka, 1350, Bangladesh., Bithee MMA; Department of CSE, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research (NITER), Constituent Institute of the University of Dhaka, Savar, Dhaka, 1350, Bangladesh., Rahman A; Department of CSE, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research (NITER), Constituent Institute of the University of Dhaka, Savar, Dhaka, 1350, Bangladesh. ar36248@georgiasouthern.edu.; School of Computing, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA. ar36248@georgiasouthern.edu., Farid FA; Faculty of Computer Science and Informatics, Berlin School of Business and Innovation, Karl-Marx-Straße 97-99, 12043, Berlin, Germany. fahmid.alfarid@berlinsbi.com.; Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), Multimedia University, 63100, Cyberjaya, Malaysia. fahmid.alfarid@berlinsbi.com., Karim HA; Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), Multimedia University, 63100, Cyberjaya, Malaysia. hezerul@mmu.edu.my., Miah ASM; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.; Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Information Technology (UniKL MIIT), 1016, Jalan Sultan Ismail, 50250, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Source: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2026 Jun 23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 23.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-58292-6