Evaluating the robustness and readiness of large frontier models in health AI applications.

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Title: Evaluating the robustness and readiness of large frontier models in health AI applications.
Authors: Gu Y; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA. aidengu@gmail.com.; ByteDance, San Jose, CA, USA. aidengu@gmail.com., Fu J; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Liu X; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Valanarasu JMJ; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Codella NCF; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Tan R; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Liu Q; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Jin Y; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Zhang S; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Wang J; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Wang R; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Song L; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Qin G; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Usuyama N; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Wong C; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Cheng H; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Lee H; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Sanapathi P; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Hilado S; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Naumann T; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Alvarez-Valle J; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Bian J; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Wei M; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Malik K; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Zhou L; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Gao J; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Horvitz E; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Lungren MP; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Burger D; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA., Topol E; Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA. etopol@scripps.edu., Poon H; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA. hoifung@microsoft.com., Vozila P; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.
Source: Nature medicine [Nat Med] 2026 Jun 26. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 26.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Company Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502015 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1546-170X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10788956 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Med Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gu+Y%22">Gu Y</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA. aidengu@gmail.com.; ByteDance, San Jose, CA, USA. aidengu@gmail.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fu+J%22">Fu J</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+X%22">Liu X</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Valanarasu+JMJ%22">Valanarasu JMJ</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Codella+NCF%22">Codella NCF</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tan+R%22">Tan R</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+Q%22">Liu Q</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jin+Y%22">Jin Y</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+S%22">Zhang S</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+J%22">Wang J</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+R%22">Wang R</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+L%22">Song L</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Qin+G%22">Qin G</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Usuyama+N%22">Usuyama N</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wong+C%22">Wong C</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheng+H%22">Cheng H</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+H%22">Lee H</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanapathi+P%22">Sanapathi P</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hilado+S%22">Hilado S</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Naumann+T%22">Naumann T</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alvarez-Valle+J%22">Alvarez-Valle J</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bian+J%22">Bian J</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wei+M%22">Wei M</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malik+K%22">Malik K</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+L%22">Zhou L</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gao+J%22">Gao J</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Horvitz+E%22">Horvitz E</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lungren+MP%22">Lungren MP</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Burger+D%22">Burger D</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Topol+E%22">Topol E</searchLink>; Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA. etopol@scripps.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Poon+H%22">Poon H</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA. hoifung@microsoft.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vozila+P%22">Vozila P</searchLink>; Microsoft Research, Health & Life Sciences, Redmond, WA, USA.
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