Effects of heart-rate feedback on estimated cardiovascular fitness in patients with panic disorderThe opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of Defense, the United States Air Force, or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.

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Title:	Effects of heart-rate feedback on estimated cardiovascular fitness in patients with panic disorderThe opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of Defense, the United States Air Force, or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.
Authors:	Schmidt, Norman B., Lerew, Darin R., Santiago, Helen, Trakowski, John H., Staab, Jeffrey P.
Source:	Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269). 2000, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p59-66. 8p. 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects:	Cardiovascular fitness, Physical fitness, Panic disorders, Exercise, Anxiety
Abstract:	Psychological parameters that are believed to affect estimations of cardiovascular fitness were examined in patients with panic disorder and nonclinical controls. Fifty-four participants [panic disorder patients (n = 27) and age- and sex-matched nonclinical controls (n = 27)] completed a cycle ergometer test and were compared on the basis of estimated VO[sub 2 max] . Participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions in which they received heart-rate feedback or no feedback during the test. Patients with panic disorder exhibited lower VO[sub 2 max] and decreased exercise tolerance (i.e., were more likely to discontinue the test) than nonclinical controls. Furthermore, individuals with high anxiety sensitivity (i.e., a fear of autonomic arousal), but not a panic disorder diagnosis per se, achieved significantly lower VO[sub 2 max] when provided with heart-rate feedback. Moreover, diagnostic status interacted with levels of anxiety sensitivity to predict VO[sub 2 max] . Patients with panic disorder display poorer cardiovascular fitness after controlling for anxiety and other factors that underestimate performance during fitness testing. Depression and Anxiety 12:59–66, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database:	Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection

Description
Abstract:	Psychological parameters that are believed to affect estimations of cardiovascular fitness were examined in patients with panic disorder and nonclinical controls. Fifty-four participants [panic disorder patients (n = 27) and age- and sex-matched nonclinical controls (n = 27)] completed a cycle ergometer test and were compared on the basis of estimated VO[sub 2 max] . Participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions in which they received heart-rate feedback or no feedback during the test. Patients with panic disorder exhibited lower VO[sub 2 max] and decreased exercise tolerance (i.e., were more likely to discontinue the test) than nonclinical controls. Furthermore, individuals with high anxiety sensitivity (i.e., a fear of autonomic arousal), but not a panic disorder diagnosis per se, achieved significantly lower VO[sub 2 max] when provided with heart-rate feedback. Moreover, diagnostic status interacted with levels of anxiety sensitivity to predict VO[sub 2 max] . Patients with panic disorder display poorer cardiovascular fitness after controlling for anxiety and other factors that underestimate performance during fitness testing. Depression and Anxiety 12:59–66, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	10914269
DOI:	10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:2<59::AID-DA1>3.0.CO;2-G