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Ketamine and international regulations.

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Title: Ketamine and international regulations.
Authors: Liao, Yanhui (AUTHOR), Tang, Yi-lang (AUTHOR), Hao, Wei (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. Sep2017, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p495-504. 10p.
Subjects: Ketamine abuse, Anesthetics, PubMed (Online service), Drug traffic, Medication abuse, Ketamine, Medical prescriptions, Drug control, Therapeutics
Abstract: Background: Ketamine is an anesthetic commonly used in low-income countries and has recently been shown to be effective for treatment-resistant depression. However, the illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and nonmedical use of ketamine are increasing globally, and its illicit use poses major public health challenges in many countries.Objectives: To review the nonmedical use of ketamine in selected countries and its regulatory control.Methods: We conducted a review of literature identified from searches of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1979-2016) and PubMed databases, supplemented by additional references identified by the authors. Special attention was given to the regulation of ketamine.Results: Illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and use of ketamine appear to have begun on a large scale in several Asian nations, and it has subsequently spread to other regions. Regulations governing availability of ketamine vary across countries, but there is a clear trend toward tighter regulations.Conclusions: As nonmedical use of ketamine and its harmful consequences have worsened globally, stricter controls are necessary. Appropriate regulation of ketamine is important for international efforts to control ketamine's cross-border trafficking and its nonmedical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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Abstract:<bold>Background: </bold>Ketamine is an anesthetic commonly used in low-income countries and has recently been shown to be effective for treatment-resistant depression. However, the illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and nonmedical use of ketamine are increasing globally, and its illicit use poses major public health challenges in many countries.<bold>Objectives: </bold>To review the nonmedical use of ketamine in selected countries and its regulatory control.<bold>Methods: </bold>We conducted a review of literature identified from searches of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1979-2016) and PubMed databases, supplemented by additional references identified by the authors. Special attention was given to the regulation of ketamine.<bold>Results: </bold>Illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and use of ketamine appear to have begun on a large scale in several Asian nations, and it has subsequently spread to other regions. Regulations governing availability of ketamine vary across countries, but there is a clear trend toward tighter regulations.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>As nonmedical use of ketamine and its harmful consequences have worsened globally, stricter controls are necessary. Appropriate regulation of ketamine is important for international efforts to control ketamine's cross-border trafficking and its nonmedical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00952990
DOI:10.1080/00952990.2016.1278449