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Ketamine and international regulations.

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Title: Ketamine and international regulations.
Authors: Liao, Yanhui (AUTHOR), Tang, Yi-lang (AUTHOR), Hao, Wei (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. Sep2017, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p495-504. 10p.
Subjects: Ketamine abuse, Anesthetics, PubMed (Online service), Drug traffic, Medication abuse, Ketamine, Medical prescriptions, Drug control, Therapeutics
Abstract: Background: Ketamine is an anesthetic commonly used in low-income countries and has recently been shown to be effective for treatment-resistant depression. However, the illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and nonmedical use of ketamine are increasing globally, and its illicit use poses major public health challenges in many countries.Objectives: To review the nonmedical use of ketamine in selected countries and its regulatory control.Methods: We conducted a review of literature identified from searches of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1979-2016) and PubMed databases, supplemented by additional references identified by the authors. Special attention was given to the regulation of ketamine.Results: Illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and use of ketamine appear to have begun on a large scale in several Asian nations, and it has subsequently spread to other regions. Regulations governing availability of ketamine vary across countries, but there is a clear trend toward tighter regulations.Conclusions: As nonmedical use of ketamine and its harmful consequences have worsened globally, stricter controls are necessary. Appropriate regulation of ketamine is important for international efforts to control ketamine's cross-border trafficking and its nonmedical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Ketamine and international regulations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liao%2C+Yanhui%22">Liao, Yanhui</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Yi-lang%22">Tang, Yi-lang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hao%2C+Wei%22">Hao, Wei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Drug+%26+Alcohol+Abuse%22">American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse</searchLink>. Sep2017, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p495-504. 10p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ketamine+abuse%22">Ketamine abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anesthetics%22">Anesthetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PubMed+%28Online+service%29%22">PubMed (Online service)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+traffic%22">Drug traffic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medication+abuse%22">Medication abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ketamine%22">Ketamine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+prescriptions%22">Medical prescriptions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+control%22">Drug control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutics%22">Therapeutics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: <bold>Background: </bold>Ketamine is an anesthetic commonly used in low-income countries and has recently been shown to be effective for treatment-resistant depression. However, the illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and nonmedical use of ketamine are increasing globally, and its illicit use poses major public health challenges in many countries.<bold>Objectives: </bold>To review the nonmedical use of ketamine in selected countries and its regulatory control.<bold>Methods: </bold>We conducted a review of literature identified from searches of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1979-2016) and PubMed databases, supplemented by additional references identified by the authors. Special attention was given to the regulation of ketamine.<bold>Results: </bold>Illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and use of ketamine appear to have begun on a large scale in several Asian nations, and it has subsequently spread to other regions. Regulations governing availability of ketamine vary across countries, but there is a clear trend toward tighter regulations.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>As nonmedical use of ketamine and its harmful consequences have worsened globally, stricter controls are necessary. Appropriate regulation of ketamine is important for international efforts to control ketamine's cross-border trafficking and its nonmedical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1278449
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 495
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ketamine abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anesthetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PubMed (Online service)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug traffic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medication abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ketamine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical prescriptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug control
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      – SubjectFull: Therapeutics
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Ketamine and international regulations.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Liao, Yanhui
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            NameFull: Tang, Yi-lang
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            NameFull: Hao, Wei
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2017
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              Y: 2017
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