Disturbance of approach‐avoidance behaviors in non‐human primates by stimulation of the limbic territories of basal ganglia and anterior insula.
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| Title: | Disturbance of approach‐avoidance behaviors in non‐human primates by stimulation of the limbic territories of basal ganglia and anterior insula. |
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| Authors: | Saga, Yosuke (AUTHOR), Ruff, Christian C. (AUTHOR), Tremblay, Léon (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | European Journal of Neuroscience. Mar2019, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p687-700. 14p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Basal ganglia, Primate behavior, Aversive stimuli, Thalamic nuclei, Cell nuclei, Globus pallidus, Approach behavior, Action theory (Psychology) |
| Abstract: | The basal ganglia (BG) are involved in motivation and goal‐directed behavior. Recent studies suggest that limbic territories of BG not only support reward seeking (appetitive approach) but also the encoding of aversive conditioned stimuli (CS) and the production of aversive‐related behaviors (avoidance or escape). This study aimed to identify inside two BG nuclei, the striatum and pallidum, the territories involved in aversive behaviors and to compare the effects of stimulating these territories to those resulting from stimulation of the anterior Insula (aIns), a region that is well‐known to be involved in aversive encoding and associated behaviors. Two monkeys performed an approach/avoidance task in which they had to choose a behavior (approach or avoidance) in an appetitive (reward) or aversive (air‐puff) context. During this task, either one (single‐cue) or two (dual‐cue) CS provided essential information about which context‐adapted behavior should be selected. Microstimulation was applied during the CS presentation. Stimulation generally reduced approaches in the appetitive contexts and increased escape behaviors (premature responses) and/or passive avoidance (noninitiated action) in aversive context. These effects were more pronounced in ventral parts of all examined structures, with significant differences observed between stimulated structures. Thresholds to induce effects were lowest in the pallidum. Striatal stimulation led to the largest diversity of effects, with a subregion even leading to enhanced active avoidance. Finally, aIns stimulations produced stronger effects in the dual‐cue context. These results provide causal evidence that limbic territories of BG, like aIns, play crucial roles in the selection of context‐motivated behaviors. Microstimulation was applied in basal ganglia and anterior Insula of monkeys performing an approach‐avoidance task. Stimulation of ventral parts of all structures reduced approach behavior and increased aversive behavior. The pallidum was the most effective site for inducing aversive behavior and the ventral striatum the only site improving avoidance. This provides causal evidence that BG limbic territories and aIns play crucial roles in both aversive and appetitive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Abstract: | The basal ganglia (BG) are involved in motivation and goal‐directed behavior. Recent studies suggest that limbic territories of BG not only support reward seeking (appetitive approach) but also the encoding of aversive conditioned stimuli (CS) and the production of aversive‐related behaviors (avoidance or escape). This study aimed to identify inside two BG nuclei, the striatum and pallidum, the territories involved in aversive behaviors and to compare the effects of stimulating these territories to those resulting from stimulation of the anterior Insula (aIns), a region that is well‐known to be involved in aversive encoding and associated behaviors. Two monkeys performed an approach/avoidance task in which they had to choose a behavior (approach or avoidance) in an appetitive (reward) or aversive (air‐puff) context. During this task, either one (single‐cue) or two (dual‐cue) CS provided essential information about which context‐adapted behavior should be selected. Microstimulation was applied during the CS presentation. Stimulation generally reduced approaches in the appetitive contexts and increased escape behaviors (premature responses) and/or passive avoidance (noninitiated action) in aversive context. These effects were more pronounced in ventral parts of all examined structures, with significant differences observed between stimulated structures. Thresholds to induce effects were lowest in the pallidum. Striatal stimulation led to the largest diversity of effects, with a subregion even leading to enhanced active avoidance. Finally, aIns stimulations produced stronger effects in the dual‐cue context. These results provide causal evidence that limbic territories of BG, like aIns, play crucial roles in the selection of context‐motivated behaviors. Microstimulation was applied in basal ganglia and anterior Insula of monkeys performing an approach‐avoidance task. Stimulation of ventral parts of all structures reduced approach behavior and increased aversive behavior. The pallidum was the most effective site for inducing aversive behavior and the ventral striatum the only site improving avoidance. This provides causal evidence that BG limbic territories and aIns play crucial roles in both aversive and appetitive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 0953816X |
| DOI: | 10.1111/ejn.14201 |
