Information scrambling in quantum circuits.
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| Title: | Information scrambling in quantum circuits. |
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| Authors: | Mi, Xiao, Roushan, Pedram, Quintana, Chris, Mandrà, Salvatore, Marshall, Jeffrey, Neill, Charles, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bardin, Joseph C., Barends, Rami, Basso, Joao, Bengtsson, Andreas, Boixo, Sergio, Bourassa, Alexandre, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burkett, Brian |
| Source: | Science (pre-March 2025). 12/17/2021, Vol. 374 Issue 6574, p1479-1483. 5p. 4 Diagrams. |
| Subjects: | Quantum theory, Quantum mechanics, High performance processors, Electric circuits, Quantum operators |
| Abstract: | Interactions in quantum systems can spread initially localized quantum information into the exponentially many degrees of freedom of the entire system. Understanding this process, known as quantum scrambling, is key to resolving several open questions in physics. Here, by measuring the time-dependent evolution and fluctuation of out-of-time-order correlators, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of quantum scrambling on a 53-qubit quantum processor. We engineer quantum circuits that distinguish operator spreading and operator entanglement and experimentally observe their respective signatures. We show that whereas operator spreading is captured by an efficient classical model, operator entanglement in idealized circuits requires exponentially scaled computational resources to simulate. These results open the path to studying complex and practically relevant physical observables with near-term quantum processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Science (pre-March 2025) is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Abstract: | Interactions in quantum systems can spread initially localized quantum information into the exponentially many degrees of freedom of the entire system. Understanding this process, known as quantum scrambling, is key to resolving several open questions in physics. Here, by measuring the time-dependent evolution and fluctuation of out-of-time-order correlators, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of quantum scrambling on a 53-qubit quantum processor. We engineer quantum circuits that distinguish operator spreading and operator entanglement and experimentally observe their respective signatures. We show that whereas operator spreading is captured by an efficient classical model, operator entanglement in idealized circuits requires exponentially scaled computational resources to simulate. These results open the path to studying complex and practically relevant physical observables with near-term quantum processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 00368075 |
| DOI: | 10.1126/science.abg5029 |
