Mental health of transgender people in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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| Title: | Mental health of transgender people in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
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| Authors: | Marchi, Mattia, Corbellini, Ilaria, Vaccari, Emma, Pingani, Luca, Ferrari, Silvia, Amaddeo, Francesco, Converti, Manlio, Fiorillo, Andrea, Mirandola, Massimo, Pinna, Federica, Ventriglio, Antonio, Galeazzi, Gian M. |
| Source: | International Review of Psychiatry. Nov2024, Vol. 36 Issue 7, p714-728. 15p. |
| Subjects: | Suicide risk factors, Mental depression risk factors, Health services accessibility, Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Safety, Mental health, Correctional institutions, Social determinants of health, Gender identity, Transgender people, Gender affirming care, CINAHL database, Prisoners, Meta-analysis, Descriptive statistics, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Odds ratio, Medical needs assessment, Sexual minorities, Confidence intervals, Psychosocial factors, Psychology information storage & retrieval systems |
| Abstract: | This systematic review aims to explore the condition of Transgender Inmates (TGI) in correctional facilities (CF), focusing on their mental health, their access to Gender-affirming Treatments (GAT), and their placement within the CF. Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo, and CINAHL were searched for studies on TGI in CF. Pooled Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated through inverse variance models with random-effects. A narrative synthesis of each study's findings was also performed since only a few studies included a control group. Thirteen studies were selected and four considered in the meta-analysis, corresponding to 1,255 TGI and 174,314 controls. Although limited by the small number of studies, the meta-analysis showed that TGI have a higher risk of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts during detention than the controls (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.33–7.06; OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.46–3.43; OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.46–3.49, respectively). Limited access to GAT and housing based on sex assigned at birth rather than gender identity were additional challenges for TGI, threatening their safety and self-affirmation. Our findings highlight the critical role of incarceration as a social determinant of health for TGI. A comprehensive policy reform and staff education should be promoted to foster inclusive and supportive correctional environments and improve safety and health of TGI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Abstract: | This systematic review aims to explore the condition of Transgender Inmates (TGI) in correctional facilities (CF), focusing on their mental health, their access to Gender-affirming Treatments (GAT), and their placement within the CF. Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo, and CINAHL were searched for studies on TGI in CF. Pooled Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated through inverse variance models with random-effects. A narrative synthesis of each study's findings was also performed since only a few studies included a control group. Thirteen studies were selected and four considered in the meta-analysis, corresponding to 1,255 TGI and 174,314 controls. Although limited by the small number of studies, the meta-analysis showed that TGI have a higher risk of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts during detention than the controls (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.33–7.06; OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.46–3.43; OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.46–3.49, respectively). Limited access to GAT and housing based on sex assigned at birth rather than gender identity were additional challenges for TGI, threatening their safety and self-affirmation. Our findings highlight the critical role of incarceration as a social determinant of health for TGI. A comprehensive policy reform and staff education should be promoted to foster inclusive and supportive correctional environments and improve safety and health of TGI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 09540261 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09540261.2023.2287680 |
