A Case Study of Spontaneous Category Formation and Behavioral Expression in a Language-Trained Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus).
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| Title: | A Case Study of Spontaneous Category Formation and Behavioral Expression in a Language-Trained Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus). |
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| Alternate Title: | Un Estudio de Caso de Formación Espontánea de Categorías y Expresión Conductual en un León Marino de Steller (Eumetopias jubatu) Entrenado en Idiomas. 「言語訓練したトドに見られた自発的なカテゴリの形成と動作の表現」. |
| Authors: | Masahiro Sasaki, Toshimune Kambara |
| Source: | International Journal of Comparative Psychology. 2024, Vol. 37, p1-14. 14p. |
| Subjects: | Sea lions, Rotational motion, Possibility |
| Abstract (English): | The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of a Steller sea lion to two consecutive commands. We conducted this study on the subject, Hama, as a continuation of Sasaki et al. (2022), which examined whether a Steller sea lion can discriminate human vocal commands. In Sasaki et al. (2022), commands were presented individually to examine the accuracy rate for each command. In the present study, we observed how Hama responded to the rapid presentation of two consecutive commands. The commands were presented in 20 different orders with 20 command combination patterns using five different commands. The results showed that Hama responded to 12 command combination patterns by performing behaviors corresponding to two consecutive commands. Hama performed the two behaviors in sequence for eight of the 12 command combination patterns. The responses to the other four command combination patterns were combined single behaviors that joined the behaviors indicated by the two consecutive commands and that were already connected to different single commands. Although the combined single behaviors were not simple combinations of behaviors induced by the two consecutive commands, the combined single behaviors included the common body parts (e.g., foreflippers) or common action types (e.g., rotation) of behaviors induced by each command in the two consecutive commands. These results not only indicate that Hama could understand multiple linguistic information, but also suggest the possibility that Hama spontaneously formed categories based on the learned commands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Spanish): | El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar las respuestas de leones marinos de Steller a dos órdenes consecutivas. Realizamos este estudio sobre un mismo sujeto, Hama, como continuación de Sasaki et al. (2022), que examinaron si el león marino de Steller puede discriminar las órdenes vocales humanas. En Sasaki et al. (2022), los comandos se presentaron individualmente para examinar la tasa de precisión de cada comando. En el presente estudio, observamos cómo Hama respondió a la presentación rápida de dos comandos consecutivos. Los comandos se presentaron en 20 órdenes y combinaciones diferentes, de manera que resultan 20 patrones de combinación de comandos usando cinco comandos diferentes. Los resultados mostraron que Hama respondió a 12 patrones de combinación de comandos realizando comportamientos correspondientes a dos comandos consecutivos. Hama realizó los dos comportamientos en secuencia en 8 de los 12 patrones de combinación de comandos. Las respuestas a los otros cuatro patrones de combinación de comandos fueron comportamientos únicos que combinaban los comportamientos indicados por los dos comandos consecutivos y que ya estaban conectados a diferentes comandos únicos. Aunque las conductas individuales combinadas no eran simples combinaciones de conductas inducidas por dos órdenes consecutivas, las conductas individuales combinadas incluían partes del cuerpo comunes (e. g., aletas delanteras) o tipos de acciones comunes (e. g., rotación) de conductas inducidas por cada orden en la secuencia en los dos comandos consecutivos. Estos resultados no sólo indican que Hama podría comprender información lingüística múltiple, sino que también sugieren la posibilidad de que Hama formara categorías espontáneamente basadas en las órdenes aprendidas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Japanese): | 本研究の目的は、連続する 2 つの音声コマンドに対するトドの反応を調べることである。本研究は、トドがヒトの音声 コマンドを識別できるかどうかを検討した佐々木ら（2022）の続編として、同じ供試個体であるトドのハマ 1 頭を対象 に実施した。佐々木ら(2022)では、コマンドを 1 つずつ個別にハマに提示し、それぞれのコマンドの正解率を調べた。本 研究では、2 つのコマンドを素早く連続で提示したときに、ハマがどのように反応するかを観察した。5 種類のコマンド を用い、20 通りの順序と組み合わせで提示した。その結果、12 通りの組み合わせに対して、ハマは提示された 2 つのコ マンドそれぞれに対応する行動を順番に行った。残りの 4 通りの組み合わせパターンに対する反応は、提示された 2 つ のコマンドが示す行動を組み合わせた複合単一行動であり、それらはすでにハマが学習している別のコマンドと条件づ けられた行動であった。これらの複合単一行動は、提示された 2 つのコマンドが示す行動の単純な組み合わせではなか ったが、2 つのコマンドが示す動作と共通する身体部位（例：前肢）や共通する動作（例：回転）が含まれていた。こ れらの結果は、ハマが複数の言語情報を理解できることを示すだけでなく、学習したコマンドに基づいて自発的にカテ ゴリーを形成している可能性を示唆している。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of a Steller sea lion to two consecutive commands. We conducted this study on the subject, Hama, as a continuation of Sasaki et al. (2022), which examined whether a Steller sea lion can discriminate human vocal commands. In Sasaki et al. (2022), commands were presented individually to examine the accuracy rate for each command. In the present study, we observed how Hama responded to the rapid presentation of two consecutive commands. The commands were presented in 20 different orders with 20 command combination patterns using five different commands. The results showed that Hama responded to 12 command combination patterns by performing behaviors corresponding to two consecutive commands. Hama performed the two behaviors in sequence for eight of the 12 command combination patterns. The responses to the other four command combination patterns were combined single behaviors that joined the behaviors indicated by the two consecutive commands and that were already connected to different single commands. Although the combined single behaviors were not simple combinations of behaviors induced by the two consecutive commands, the combined single behaviors included the common body parts (e.g., foreflippers) or common action types (e.g., rotation) of behaviors induced by each command in the two consecutive commands. These results not only indicate that Hama could understand multiple linguistic information, but also suggest the possibility that Hama spontaneously formed categories based on the learned commands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 08893667 |
| DOI: | 10.46867/ijcp.6592 |
