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Electron collision in a two-path graphene interferometer.

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Title: Electron collision in a two-path graphene interferometer.
Authors: Chakraborti, H., Pugliese, L., Assouline, A., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Kumada, N., Glattli, D. C., Jo, M., Sim, H.-S., Roulleau, P.
Source: Science. 5/1/2025, Vol. 388 Issue 6746, p492-496. 5p.
Subjects: Collisions (Nuclear physics), Interferometers, Graphene, Single electron devices, Wave functions
Abstract: The collision of two electrons at a beam splitter provides a method for studying their coherence and indistinguishability. Its realization requires the on-demand generation and synchronization of single electrons. In this work, we demonstrate the coherent collision of single electrons, generated by voltage pulses, in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer. By measuring shot noise resulting from the collisions, we unveil fundamental characteristics of colliding electrons, highlighting the complementarity between the indistinguishable and distinguishable parts of their wave functions. The former is manifested through fermionic Hong-Ou-Mandel destructive interference, whereas the latter is discerned through double-winding Aharonov-Bohm interference in the noise. The interference visibilities of around 60% enable comprehensive quantum state tomography. Our findings may place coherent operations involving flying qubits within reach in graphene. Editor's summary: Electrons in solids can behave like waves, leading to the development of devices better known from optics, such as interferometers. Chakraborti et al. studied electron collisions in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer. By measuring shot noise, the researchers were able to determine the degree of indistinguishability of the colliding electrons. Their findings may lead to improvements in quantum information processing using graphene devices. —Jelena Stajic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Electron collision in a two-path graphene interferometer.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chakraborti%2C+H%2E%22">Chakraborti, H.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pugliese%2C+L%2E%22">Pugliese, L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Assouline%2C+A%2E%22">Assouline, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watanabe%2C+K%2E%22">Watanabe, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taniguchi%2C+T%2E%22">Taniguchi, T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumada%2C+N%2E%22">Kumada, N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Glattli%2C+D%2E+C%2E%22">Glattli, D. C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jo%2C+M%2E%22">Jo, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sim%2C+H%2E-S%2E%22">Sim, H.-S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roulleau%2C+P%2E%22">Roulleau, P.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 5/1/2025, Vol. 388 Issue 6746, p492-496. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Collisions+%28Nuclear+physics%29%22">Collisions (Nuclear physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interferometers%22">Interferometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene%22">Graphene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Single+electron+devices%22">Single electron devices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wave+functions%22">Wave functions</searchLink>
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  Data: The collision of two electrons at a beam splitter provides a method for studying their coherence and indistinguishability. Its realization requires the on-demand generation and synchronization of single electrons. In this work, we demonstrate the coherent collision of single electrons, generated by voltage pulses, in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer. By measuring shot noise resulting from the collisions, we unveil fundamental characteristics of colliding electrons, highlighting the complementarity between the indistinguishable and distinguishable parts of their wave functions. The former is manifested through fermionic Hong-Ou-Mandel destructive interference, whereas the latter is discerned through double-winding Aharonov-Bohm interference in the noise. The interference visibilities of around 60% enable comprehensive quantum state tomography. Our findings may place coherent operations involving flying qubits within reach in graphene. Editor's summary: Electrons in solids can behave like waves, leading to the development of devices better known from optics, such as interferometers. Chakraborti et al. studied electron collisions in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer. By measuring shot noise, the researchers were able to determine the degree of indistinguishability of the colliding electrons. Their findings may lead to improvements in quantum information processing using graphene devices. —Jelena Stajic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – TitleFull: Electron collision in a two-path graphene interferometer.
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              Text: 5/1/2025
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