Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Autism and ADHD.
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| Title: | Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Autism and ADHD. |
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| Authors: | Mayes, Susan D. (AUTHOR), Pardej, Sara K. (AUTHOR), Waschbusch, Daniel A. (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. Nov2025, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p4092-4105. 14p. |
| Subjects: | Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, T-test (Statistics), Autism, Retrospective studies, Classification of mental disorders, Descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance, Chi-squared test, Asperger's syndrome, Comparative studies, Factor analysis, Oppositional defiant disorder in children, Comorbidity, Regression analysis, Disease complications, Children |
| Abstract: | Our study compared oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children with autism to ADHD-Combined presentation and ADHD-Inattentive presentation. Mothers of 2,400 children 3–17 years old with autism and/or ADHD completed the Pediatric Behavior Scale. ADHD-Combined was most strongly associated with ODD, with an ODD prevalence of 53% in children with ADHD-Combined only. When autism was added to ADHD-Combined, prevalence increased to 62% and the ODD score increased significantly. Autism+ADHD-Inattentive, Autism Only, and ADHD-Inattentive Only had ODD prevalences of 28%, 24% and 14%. In each diagnostic group, ODD had the same two factors (irritable/angry and oppositional/defiant); demographic differences between children with and without ODD were few; and correlations between ODD and conduct problems were large, correlations with depression were medium, and correlations with anxiety were small. However, ODD scores differed significantly between groups (Autism+ADHD-Combined > ADHD-Combined Only > Autism+ADHD-Inattentive and Autism Only > ADHD-Inattentive Only). The irritable/angry ODD component was greater in Autism+ADHD-Combined than in ADHD-Combined Only, whereas the oppositional/defiant component did not differ between the two groups. Autism was a significant independent risk factor for ODD, particularly the irritable/angry ODD component, but ADHD-Combined was the strongest risk factor. Therefore, the high co-occurrence of ADHD-Combined in autism (80% in our study) largely explains the high prevalence of ODD in autism. ADHD-Combined, autism, and ODD are highly comorbid (55–90%). Clinicians should assess all three disorders in referred children and provide evidence-based interventions to improve current functioning and outcomes for children with these disorders and reduce family and caretaker stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Abstract: | Our study compared oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children with autism to ADHD-Combined presentation and ADHD-Inattentive presentation. Mothers of 2,400 children 3–17 years old with autism and/or ADHD completed the Pediatric Behavior Scale. ADHD-Combined was most strongly associated with ODD, with an ODD prevalence of 53% in children with ADHD-Combined only. When autism was added to ADHD-Combined, prevalence increased to 62% and the ODD score increased significantly. Autism+ADHD-Inattentive, Autism Only, and ADHD-Inattentive Only had ODD prevalences of 28%, 24% and 14%. In each diagnostic group, ODD had the same two factors (irritable/angry and oppositional/defiant); demographic differences between children with and without ODD were few; and correlations between ODD and conduct problems were large, correlations with depression were medium, and correlations with anxiety were small. However, ODD scores differed significantly between groups (Autism+ADHD-Combined > ADHD-Combined Only > Autism+ADHD-Inattentive and Autism Only > ADHD-Inattentive Only). The irritable/angry ODD component was greater in Autism+ADHD-Combined than in ADHD-Combined Only, whereas the oppositional/defiant component did not differ between the two groups. Autism was a significant independent risk factor for ODD, particularly the irritable/angry ODD component, but ADHD-Combined was the strongest risk factor. Therefore, the high co-occurrence of ADHD-Combined in autism (80% in our study) largely explains the high prevalence of ODD in autism. ADHD-Combined, autism, and ODD are highly comorbid (55–90%). Clinicians should assess all three disorders in referred children and provide evidence-based interventions to improve current functioning and outcomes for children with these disorders and reduce family and caretaker stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 01623257 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10803-024-06437-9 |
