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Spillover effect of mental disorders in adolescent peer networks on likelihood of dropping out of secondary school.

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Title: Spillover effect of mental disorders in adolescent peer networks on likelihood of dropping out of secondary school.
Authors: Alho, Jussi (AUTHOR), Gutvilig, Mai (AUTHOR), Niemi, Ripsa (AUTHOR), Cachón-Alonso, Laura (AUTHOR), Komulainen, Kaisla (AUTHOR), Böckerman, Petri (AUTHOR), Webb, Roger T. (AUTHOR), Elovainio, Marko (AUTHOR), Hakulinen, Christian (AUTHOR)
Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Oct2025, Vol. 34 Issue 10, p3105-3114. 10p.
Subjects: High schools, Mental illness, Affinity groups, Logistic regression analysis, Families, Reporting of diseases, Descriptive statistics, Longitudinal method, Odds ratio, Social networks, Factor analysis, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics), Adolescence
Geographic Terms: Finland
Abstract: Spillover effects of mental disorders on family members are well-documented, but their impact on adolescent peers remains unclear. We investigated whether having classmates with a diagnosed mental disorder in the ninth grade of lower secondary school (ages 15–16) was associated with greater likelihood of dropping out of upper secondary education (ages 16–19). We used registry data on Finnish people born between Jan 1, 1985, and Dec 31, 1997. After lower secondary school, 378,453 cohort members started general (academic) upper secondary school and 284,713 started vocational upper secondary school. Using causal mediation analysis, we disentangled the total effect of having ninth-grade classmates with a diagnosed mental disorder on upper secondary dropout into direct spillover effect and indirect effect mediated by the individual's own mental disorder diagnosis received during upper secondary education. For academic students, having one ninth-grade classmate diagnosed with a mental disorder was associated with 6% greater likelihood of dropping out of upper secondary education (95% CI 3–9%); two diagnosed classmates, with 10% greater likelihood (6–14%); and three or more diagnosed classmates, with 16% greater likelihood (10–22%). For vocational students, the respective increases in likelihood were 5% (2–8%), 11% (6–15%), and 24% (18–32%). For both academic and vocational students, the indirect effect of dropping out mediated by one's own mental disorder diagnosis was notably smaller than the direct effect attributable to having diagnosed ninth-grade classmates. Our results suggest that mental disorders may have spillover effects on the educational attainment of socially connected adolescent peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spillover effect of mental disorders in adolescent peer networks on likelihood of dropping out of secondary school.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alho%2C+Jussi%22">Alho, Jussi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gutvilig%2C+Mai%22">Gutvilig, Mai</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niemi%2C+Ripsa%22">Niemi, Ripsa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cachón-Alonso%2C+Laura%22">Cachón-Alonso, Laura</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Komulainen%2C+Kaisla%22">Komulainen, Kaisla</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Böckerman%2C+Petri%22">Böckerman, Petri</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Webb%2C+Roger+T%2E%22">Webb, Roger T.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elovainio%2C+Marko%22">Elovainio, Marko</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hakulinen%2C+Christian%22">Hakulinen, Christian</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Child+%26+Adolescent+Psychiatry%22">European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 34 Issue 10, p3105-3114. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+schools%22">High schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness%22">Mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affinity+groups%22">Affinity groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Families%22">Families</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reporting+of+diseases%22">Reporting of diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+networks%22">Social networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+%26+specificity+%28Statistics%29%22">Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescence%22">Adolescence</searchLink>
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  Data: Spillover effects of mental disorders on family members are well-documented, but their impact on adolescent peers remains unclear. We investigated whether having classmates with a diagnosed mental disorder in the ninth grade of lower secondary school (ages 15–16) was associated with greater likelihood of dropping out of upper secondary education (ages 16–19). We used registry data on Finnish people born between Jan 1, 1985, and Dec 31, 1997. After lower secondary school, 378,453 cohort members started general (academic) upper secondary school and 284,713 started vocational upper secondary school. Using causal mediation analysis, we disentangled the total effect of having ninth-grade classmates with a diagnosed mental disorder on upper secondary dropout into direct spillover effect and indirect effect mediated by the individual's own mental disorder diagnosis received during upper secondary education. For academic students, having one ninth-grade classmate diagnosed with a mental disorder was associated with 6% greater likelihood of dropping out of upper secondary education (95% CI 3–9%); two diagnosed classmates, with 10% greater likelihood (6–14%); and three or more diagnosed classmates, with 16% greater likelihood (10–22%). For vocational students, the respective increases in likelihood were 5% (2–8%), 11% (6–15%), and 24% (18–32%). For both academic and vocational students, the indirect effect of dropping out mediated by one's own mental disorder diagnosis was notably smaller than the direct effect attributable to having diagnosed ninth-grade classmates. Our results suggest that mental disorders may have spillover effects on the educational attainment of socially connected adolescent peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00787-025-02723-8
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: High schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental illness
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      – SubjectFull: Affinity groups
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      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Families
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