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Recruitment of bifunctional regulator thermospermine to methylated ribosomes directs xylem fate.

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Title: Recruitment of bifunctional regulator thermospermine to methylated ribosomes directs xylem fate.
Authors: Ko, Donghwi (AUTHOR), Ruonala, Raili (AUTHOR), Faille, Alexandre (AUTHOR), Hellmann, Eva (AUTHOR), Help, Hanna (AUTHOR), Liu, Huili (AUTHOR), Nielsen, Ronni (AUTHOR), Haakonsson, Anders (AUTHOR), De Diego, Nuria (AUTHOR), Paatero, Anja (AUTHOR), Shcherbii, Mariia V. (AUTHOR), Stefanowicz, Karolina (AUTHOR), Ćavar Zeljković, Sanja (AUTHOR), Drud Lundager Rasmussen, Tine (AUTHOR), Novak, Ondrej (AUTHOR), Bodi, Zsuzsanna (AUTHOR), Eswaran, Gugan (AUTHOR), Wybouw, Brecht (AUTHOR), Bourdon, Matthieu (AUTHOR), Urbez, Cristina (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 2/12/2026, Vol. 391 Issue 6786, p694-699. 6p.
Subjects: RNA methylation, Xylem, Polyamines, Cell differentiation, Arabidopsis, Peptide bonds, Protein synthesis
Abstract: Polyamines are often associated with ribosomes and are thought to stabilize their integrity. In Arabidopsis, the polyamine thermospermine (tSpm) affects xylem cell fate. tSpm induces translation of SUPPRESSOR-OF-ACAULIS51 (SAC51) and SAC51-LIKEs (SACLs), which inhibit heterodimerization of the xylem development proteins LONESOME-HIGHWAY (LHW) and TARGET-OF-MONOPTEROS5. Here, we report a methyltransferase, OVERACHIEVER, that methylates the peptidyl transferase center of the 25S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Residue m3U2952 promotes functional tSpm binding to a specific site connecting the P-site transfer RNA (tRNA) with rRNA residues in the peptidyl transferase center. This interaction enhances the translation of SACLs but inhibits that of LHW. Our study uncovers the dependency between a conserved rRNA base methylation and a polyamine in orchestrating cell fate decisions, highlighting a role for the ribosome chemical landscape in translational regulation. Editor's summary: Within ribosomes, the peptidyl transferase center is responsible for forming peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis. Ko et al. established a link between methylation of the peptidyl transferase center of RNA and plant vascular development. Methylation encourages binding of a polyamine called thermospermine, and together, these ribosome characteristics both increase and decrease the translation rate of different classes of xylem development proteins. This work gives insight into how ribosome methylation affects plant cell fate. —Madeleine Seale [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Recruitment of bifunctional regulator thermospermine to methylated ribosomes directs xylem fate.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ko%2C+Donghwi%22">Ko, Donghwi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ruonala%2C+Raili%22">Ruonala, Raili</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Faille%2C+Alexandre%22">Faille, Alexandre</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hellmann%2C+Eva%22">Hellmann, Eva</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Help%2C+Hanna%22">Help, Hanna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Huili%22">Liu, Huili</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nielsen%2C+Ronni%22">Nielsen, Ronni</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Haakonsson%2C+Anders%22">Haakonsson, Anders</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22De+Diego%2C+Nuria%22">De Diego, Nuria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paatero%2C+Anja%22">Paatero, Anja</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shcherbii%2C+Mariia+V%2E%22">Shcherbii, Mariia V.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stefanowicz%2C+Karolina%22">Stefanowicz, Karolina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ćavar+Zeljković%2C+Sanja%22">Ćavar Zeljković, Sanja</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Drud+Lundager+Rasmussen%2C+Tine%22">Drud Lundager Rasmussen, Tine</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Novak%2C+Ondrej%22">Novak, Ondrej</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bodi%2C+Zsuzsanna%22">Bodi, Zsuzsanna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eswaran%2C+Gugan%22">Eswaran, Gugan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wybouw%2C+Brecht%22">Wybouw, Brecht</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bourdon%2C+Matthieu%22">Bourdon, Matthieu</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Urbez%2C+Cristina%22">Urbez, Cristina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 2/12/2026, Vol. 391 Issue 6786, p694-699. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22RNA+methylation%22">RNA methylation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Xylem%22">Xylem</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyamines%22">Polyamines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+differentiation%22">Cell differentiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arabidopsis%22">Arabidopsis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peptide+bonds%22">Peptide bonds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protein+synthesis%22">Protein synthesis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Polyamines are often associated with ribosomes and are thought to stabilize their integrity. In Arabidopsis, the polyamine thermospermine (tSpm) affects xylem cell fate. tSpm induces translation of SUPPRESSOR-OF-ACAULIS51 (SAC51) and SAC51-LIKEs (SACLs), which inhibit heterodimerization of the xylem development proteins LONESOME-HIGHWAY (LHW) and TARGET-OF-MONOPTEROS5. Here, we report a methyltransferase, OVERACHIEVER, that methylates the peptidyl transferase center of the 25S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Residue m3U2952 promotes functional tSpm binding to a specific site connecting the P-site transfer RNA (tRNA) with rRNA residues in the peptidyl transferase center. This interaction enhances the translation of SACLs but inhibits that of LHW. Our study uncovers the dependency between a conserved rRNA base methylation and a polyamine in orchestrating cell fate decisions, highlighting a role for the ribosome chemical landscape in translational regulation. Editor's summary: Within ribosomes, the peptidyl transferase center is responsible for forming peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis. Ko et al. established a link between methylation of the peptidyl transferase center of RNA and plant vascular development. Methylation encourages binding of a polyamine called thermospermine, and together, these ribosome characteristics both increase and decrease the translation rate of different classes of xylem development proteins. This work gives insight into how ribosome methylation affects plant cell fate. —Madeleine Seale [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.adx2867
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: RNA methylation
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      – SubjectFull: Xylem
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