Relations Among Parental Psychological Control, Perceived Legitimate Authority, and Self-Worth in Asian-American and European-American Emerging Adults.

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Title: Relations Among Parental Psychological Control, Perceived Legitimate Authority, and Self-Worth in Asian-American and European-American Emerging Adults.
Authors: Farber, Diane Ventura (AUTHOR), Alexander, Achu Johnson (AUTHOR), Barry, Carolyn McNamara (AUTHOR), Papadakis, Alison A. (AUTHOR), Kotchick, Beth A. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Adult Development. Mar2026, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p20-36. 17p.
Subjects: Cross-sectional method, Sexual orientation, Control (Psychology), Asian Americans, T-test (Statistics), Parent-child relationships, Undergraduates, Universities & colleges, Sex distribution, Socioeconomic factors, Descriptive statistics, Age distribution, Surveys, Statistics, Psychology of parents, Interpersonal relations, Social support, Data analysis software, Authority, Self-perception, European Americans, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Parenting has been associated with emerging-adult children's outcomes in the extent to which the emerging adults recognize that their parents still have legitimate authority in exerting parental control over their lives. The current study posited a mediated moderation model to examine the moderating role of legitimate authority between ethnicity, and the relation between perception of psychological control and emerging-adult self-esteem. The study recruited 684 undergraduate students (474 women, 208 men, 1 transgender, 1 other) of Asian-American or European-American backgrounds. Responses inquiring about emerging-adults' perception of parental legitimate authority and parental psychological control as well as emerging-adults' self-reported self-esteem were subsequently taken. Results suggested that (a) Asian-American emerging adults reported higher levels of perceived parental psychological control and perceived legitimate authority than did European-American emerging adults, (b) European-American emerging adults reported higher levels of self-reported self-worth than did Asian-American emerging adults, and (c) perceived parental psychological control was negatively associated with self-reported self-worth. Further, findings from a mediated moderation analysis provided partial support of the hypotheses. As predicted, the negative association between perceived parental psychological control and self-reported self-worth was stronger for European-Americans compared to Asian-Americans. However, perceived legitimate authority moderated the relation between emerging-adults' perceived parental psychological control and self-reported self-worth in the opposite direction of effect from what was predicted. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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Abstract:Parenting has been associated with emerging-adult children's outcomes in the extent to which the emerging adults recognize that their parents still have legitimate authority in exerting parental control over their lives. The current study posited a mediated moderation model to examine the moderating role of legitimate authority between ethnicity, and the relation between perception of psychological control and emerging-adult self-esteem. The study recruited 684 undergraduate students (474 women, 208 men, 1 transgender, 1 other) of Asian-American or European-American backgrounds. Responses inquiring about emerging-adults' perception of parental legitimate authority and parental psychological control as well as emerging-adults' self-reported self-esteem were subsequently taken. Results suggested that (a) Asian-American emerging adults reported higher levels of perceived parental psychological control and perceived legitimate authority than did European-American emerging adults, (b) European-American emerging adults reported higher levels of self-reported self-worth than did Asian-American emerging adults, and (c) perceived parental psychological control was negatively associated with self-reported self-worth. Further, findings from a mediated moderation analysis provided partial support of the hypotheses. As predicted, the negative association between perceived parental psychological control and self-reported self-worth was stronger for European-Americans compared to Asian-Americans. However, perceived legitimate authority moderated the relation between emerging-adults' perceived parental psychological control and self-reported self-worth in the opposite direction of effect from what was predicted. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10680667
DOI:10.1007/s10804-025-09515-z