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Specifying the Cardio‐Respiratory Patterns During Fast‐Paced Breathing.

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Title: Specifying the Cardio‐Respiratory Patterns During Fast‐Paced Breathing.
Authors: Iskra, Maša (AUTHOR), Laborde, Sylvain (AUTHOR), Poppa, Tasha (AUTHOR), Salvotti, Caterina (AUTHOR), Weinand, Elisa (AUTHOR), Raab, Markus (AUTHOR), Voigt, Laura (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychophysiology. May2026, Vol. 63 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Cardiac contraction, Physiology, Tachypnea, Cardiopulmonary fitness, Heart beat
Abstract: Fast‐paced breathing (FPB) has emerged as a technique to purposefully increase physiological activation to facilitate motor‐cognitive performance. Empirical evidence of prominent physiological processes associated with FPB, cardiac changes however, remain scarce. To address this gap, the present study sought to systematically quantify the changes in heart rate variability and cardiac contractility during FPB at 35 and 55 cycles/min (CPM), compared to spontaneous and paced breathing (6 and 15 CPM), while accounting for breathing discomfort. Healthy, physically active participants (N = 38) performed each breathing exercise for 2.5 min, with electrocardiography and impedance cardiography signals recorded throughout. Heart rate variability was indexed through RMSSD, and the pre‐ejection period (PEP) served as an index of cardiac contractility. Results showed that FPB at 35 and 55 CPM led to reduced heart rate variability, whereas only the latter condition elicited a significant increase in cardiac contractility, suggesting a more pronounced stimulation. Breathing discomfort level increased as the breathing frequency deviated from the spontaneous range, reaching a moderate level at 55 CPM. These findings elucidate the frequency dependence in reciprocal and independent cardiac patterns, informing conceptual models of paced breathing. Impact Statement: We identify cardiac response patterns across breathing frequencies, specifying the theoretical predictions on cardio‐respiratory interactions during fast‐paced breathing. Our study provides empirical evidence of reduced heart rate variability and increased cardiac contractility during fast‐paced breathing exercises at higher but not lower frequencies (35 vs. 55 CPM). Thereby, we offer initial insights into the boundary conditions of eliciting reciprocal activation through paced breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
Description
Abstract:Fast‐paced breathing (FPB) has emerged as a technique to purposefully increase physiological activation to facilitate motor‐cognitive performance. Empirical evidence of prominent physiological processes associated with FPB, cardiac changes however, remain scarce. To address this gap, the present study sought to systematically quantify the changes in heart rate variability and cardiac contractility during FPB at 35 and 55 cycles/min (CPM), compared to spontaneous and paced breathing (6 and 15 CPM), while accounting for breathing discomfort. Healthy, physically active participants (N = 38) performed each breathing exercise for 2.5 min, with electrocardiography and impedance cardiography signals recorded throughout. Heart rate variability was indexed through RMSSD, and the pre‐ejection period (PEP) served as an index of cardiac contractility. Results showed that FPB at 35 and 55 CPM led to reduced heart rate variability, whereas only the latter condition elicited a significant increase in cardiac contractility, suggesting a more pronounced stimulation. Breathing discomfort level increased as the breathing frequency deviated from the spontaneous range, reaching a moderate level at 55 CPM. These findings elucidate the frequency dependence in reciprocal and independent cardiac patterns, informing conceptual models of paced breathing. Impact Statement: We identify cardiac response patterns across breathing frequencies, specifying the theoretical predictions on cardio‐respiratory interactions during fast‐paced breathing. Our study provides empirical evidence of reduced heart rate variability and increased cardiac contractility during fast‐paced breathing exercises at higher but not lower frequencies (35 vs. 55 CPM). Thereby, we offer initial insights into the boundary conditions of eliciting reciprocal activation through paced breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00485772
DOI:10.1111/psyp.70305