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Specifying the Cardio‐Respiratory Patterns During Fast‐Paced Breathing.

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Title: Specifying the Cardio‐Respiratory Patterns During Fast‐Paced Breathing.
Authors: Iskra, Maša (AUTHOR), Laborde, Sylvain (AUTHOR), Poppa, Tasha (AUTHOR), Salvotti, Caterina (AUTHOR), Weinand, Elisa (AUTHOR), Raab, Markus (AUTHOR), Voigt, Laura (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychophysiology. May2026, Vol. 63 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Cardiac contraction, Physiology, Tachypnea, Cardiopulmonary fitness, Heart beat
Abstract: Fast‐paced breathing (FPB) has emerged as a technique to purposefully increase physiological activation to facilitate motor‐cognitive performance. Empirical evidence of prominent physiological processes associated with FPB, cardiac changes however, remain scarce. To address this gap, the present study sought to systematically quantify the changes in heart rate variability and cardiac contractility during FPB at 35 and 55 cycles/min (CPM), compared to spontaneous and paced breathing (6 and 15 CPM), while accounting for breathing discomfort. Healthy, physically active participants (N = 38) performed each breathing exercise for 2.5 min, with electrocardiography and impedance cardiography signals recorded throughout. Heart rate variability was indexed through RMSSD, and the pre‐ejection period (PEP) served as an index of cardiac contractility. Results showed that FPB at 35 and 55 CPM led to reduced heart rate variability, whereas only the latter condition elicited a significant increase in cardiac contractility, suggesting a more pronounced stimulation. Breathing discomfort level increased as the breathing frequency deviated from the spontaneous range, reaching a moderate level at 55 CPM. These findings elucidate the frequency dependence in reciprocal and independent cardiac patterns, informing conceptual models of paced breathing. Impact Statement: We identify cardiac response patterns across breathing frequencies, specifying the theoretical predictions on cardio‐respiratory interactions during fast‐paced breathing. Our study provides empirical evidence of reduced heart rate variability and increased cardiac contractility during fast‐paced breathing exercises at higher but not lower frequencies (35 vs. 55 CPM). Thereby, we offer initial insights into the boundary conditions of eliciting reciprocal activation through paced breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Availability: 0
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 194135267
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Specifying the Cardio‐Respiratory Patterns During Fast‐Paced Breathing.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iskra%2C+Maša%22">Iskra, Maša</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laborde%2C+Sylvain%22">Laborde, Sylvain</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Poppa%2C+Tasha%22">Poppa, Tasha</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salvotti%2C+Caterina%22">Salvotti, Caterina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weinand%2C+Elisa%22">Weinand, Elisa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raab%2C+Markus%22">Raab, Markus</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Voigt%2C+Laura%22">Voigt, Laura</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychophysiology%22">Psychophysiology</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 63 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cardiac+contraction%22">Cardiac contraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiology%22">Physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tachypnea%22">Tachypnea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cardiopulmonary+fitness%22">Cardiopulmonary fitness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heart+beat%22">Heart beat</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Fast‐paced breathing (FPB) has emerged as a technique to purposefully increase physiological activation to facilitate motor‐cognitive performance. Empirical evidence of prominent physiological processes associated with FPB, cardiac changes however, remain scarce. To address this gap, the present study sought to systematically quantify the changes in heart rate variability and cardiac contractility during FPB at 35 and 55 cycles/min (CPM), compared to spontaneous and paced breathing (6 and 15 CPM), while accounting for breathing discomfort. Healthy, physically active participants (N = 38) performed each breathing exercise for 2.5 min, with electrocardiography and impedance cardiography signals recorded throughout. Heart rate variability was indexed through RMSSD, and the pre‐ejection period (PEP) served as an index of cardiac contractility. Results showed that FPB at 35 and 55 CPM led to reduced heart rate variability, whereas only the latter condition elicited a significant increase in cardiac contractility, suggesting a more pronounced stimulation. Breathing discomfort level increased as the breathing frequency deviated from the spontaneous range, reaching a moderate level at 55 CPM. These findings elucidate the frequency dependence in reciprocal and independent cardiac patterns, informing conceptual models of paced breathing. Impact Statement: We identify cardiac response patterns across breathing frequencies, specifying the theoretical predictions on cardio‐respiratory interactions during fast‐paced breathing. Our study provides empirical evidence of reduced heart rate variability and increased cardiac contractility during fast‐paced breathing exercises at higher but not lower frequencies (35 vs. 55 CPM). Thereby, we offer initial insights into the boundary conditions of eliciting reciprocal activation through paced breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/psyp.70305
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Tachypnea
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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