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Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics.

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Title: Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics.
Authors: Yoo, Jason J. (AUTHOR), Dolan, Connor J. (AUTHOR), Nam, Seongsik (AUTHOR), Lee, Jinho (AUTHOR), Kang, Kyu Min (AUTHOR), Kang, Bong Joo (AUTHOR), Desai, Rushik (AUTHOR), Kumar, Niranjana Mohan (AUTHOR), Chakrabarti, Arkita (AUTHOR), Kim, Daesoo (AUTHOR), Cho, Jang Hee (AUTHOR), Chung, Donghyuk (AUTHOR), Palmer, Jack R. (AUTHOR), Vences, Kelly X. (AUTHOR), Deng, Zhewen J. D. (AUTHOR), Luo, Yanqi (AUTHOR), Lai, Barry (AUTHOR), Zhou, Tao (AUTHOR), Cai, Zhonghou (AUTHOR), Holt, Martin V. (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 10/8/2026, Vol. 394 Issue 6820, p228-233. 6p.
Subjects: Zinc halides, Crystal grain boundaries, Perovskite crystallography, Heat treatment, Methyl chloride, Solar cell efficiency, Fluorescence yield
Abstract: Improvements to the radiative efficiency of halide perovskite thin films are necessary to approach fundamental solar cell performance limits. We tailored perovskite crystallization by leveraging the eutectic interaction between zinc bromide and methylammonium chloride additives. The resulting films had high photoluminescence quantum yield and charge carrier decay times and low surface recombination velocity. Nanoprobe x-ray microscopy revealed local melting of the eutectic at grain boundaries during annealing that reduced intragranular structural defect density. Annealing also homogenized the halide distribution and caused zinc segregation to grain boundaries. Solar cells fabricated with the volatile eutectic reached 26.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE, certified 25.9%), and perovskite minimodules (areas more than 15 square centimeters) had 23.9% PCE. Small-area cells with a poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] hole transporter retained 85.8% of their initial 24.1% PCE after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. Furthermore, this approach enables 26.1% external quantum efficiency as light-emitting diodes. Editor's summary: Adding zinc halide and methylammonium chloride salts to perovskite inks creates a eutectic that enhances crystallization and passivation. Yoo et al. showed that local melting of the eutectic mixture at grain boundaries during annealing enhances grain ripening. This process also redistributes zinc to grain boundaries and interfaces, where it likely forms a zinc iodide interstitial species that helps to passivate nonradiative defects. Small-area cells retained 85.8% of their initial power conversion efficiency of 24.1% after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
Description
Abstract:Improvements to the radiative efficiency of halide perovskite thin films are necessary to approach fundamental solar cell performance limits. We tailored perovskite crystallization by leveraging the eutectic interaction between zinc bromide and methylammonium chloride additives. The resulting films had high photoluminescence quantum yield and charge carrier decay times and low surface recombination velocity. Nanoprobe x-ray microscopy revealed local melting of the eutectic at grain boundaries during annealing that reduced intragranular structural defect density. Annealing also homogenized the halide distribution and caused zinc segregation to grain boundaries. Solar cells fabricated with the volatile eutectic reached 26.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE, certified 25.9%), and perovskite minimodules (areas more than 15 square centimeters) had 23.9% PCE. Small-area cells with a poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] hole transporter retained 85.8% of their initial 24.1% PCE after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. Furthermore, this approach enables 26.1% external quantum efficiency as light-emitting diodes. Editor's summary: Adding zinc halide and methylammonium chloride salts to perovskite inks creates a eutectic that enhances crystallization and passivation. Yoo et al. showed that local melting of the eutectic mixture at grain boundaries during annealing enhances grain ripening. This process also redistributes zinc to grain boundaries and interfaces, where it likely forms a zinc iodide interstitial species that helps to passivate nonradiative defects. Small-area cells retained 85.8% of their initial power conversion efficiency of 24.1% after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00368075
DOI:10.1126/science.aeb4554