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Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics.

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Title: Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics.
Authors: Yoo, Jason J. (AUTHOR), Dolan, Connor J. (AUTHOR), Nam, Seongsik (AUTHOR), Lee, Jinho (AUTHOR), Kang, Kyu Min (AUTHOR), Kang, Bong Joo (AUTHOR), Desai, Rushik (AUTHOR), Kumar, Niranjana Mohan (AUTHOR), Chakrabarti, Arkita (AUTHOR), Kim, Daesoo (AUTHOR), Cho, Jang Hee (AUTHOR), Chung, Donghyuk (AUTHOR), Palmer, Jack R. (AUTHOR), Vences, Kelly X. (AUTHOR), Deng, Zhewen J. D. (AUTHOR), Luo, Yanqi (AUTHOR), Lai, Barry (AUTHOR), Zhou, Tao (AUTHOR), Cai, Zhonghou (AUTHOR), Holt, Martin V. (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 10/8/2026, Vol. 394 Issue 6820, p228-233. 6p.
Subjects: Zinc halides, Crystal grain boundaries, Perovskite crystallography, Heat treatment, Methyl chloride, Solar cell efficiency, Fluorescence yield
Abstract: Improvements to the radiative efficiency of halide perovskite thin films are necessary to approach fundamental solar cell performance limits. We tailored perovskite crystallization by leveraging the eutectic interaction between zinc bromide and methylammonium chloride additives. The resulting films had high photoluminescence quantum yield and charge carrier decay times and low surface recombination velocity. Nanoprobe x-ray microscopy revealed local melting of the eutectic at grain boundaries during annealing that reduced intragranular structural defect density. Annealing also homogenized the halide distribution and caused zinc segregation to grain boundaries. Solar cells fabricated with the volatile eutectic reached 26.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE, certified 25.9%), and perovskite minimodules (areas more than 15 square centimeters) had 23.9% PCE. Small-area cells with a poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] hole transporter retained 85.8% of their initial 24.1% PCE after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. Furthermore, this approach enables 26.1% external quantum efficiency as light-emitting diodes. Editor's summary: Adding zinc halide and methylammonium chloride salts to perovskite inks creates a eutectic that enhances crystallization and passivation. Yoo et al. showed that local melting of the eutectic mixture at grain boundaries during annealing enhances grain ripening. This process also redistributes zinc to grain boundaries and interfaces, where it likely forms a zinc iodide interstitial species that helps to passivate nonradiative defects. Small-area cells retained 85.8% of their initial power conversion efficiency of 24.1% after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 197680557
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoo%2C+Jason+J%2E%22">Yoo, Jason J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dolan%2C+Connor+J%2E%22">Dolan, Connor J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nam%2C+Seongsik%22">Nam, Seongsik</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Jinho%22">Lee, Jinho</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kang%2C+Kyu+Min%22">Kang, Kyu Min</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kang%2C+Bong+Joo%22">Kang, Bong Joo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Desai%2C+Rushik%22">Desai, Rushik</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Niranjana+Mohan%22">Kumar, Niranjana Mohan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chakrabarti%2C+Arkita%22">Chakrabarti, Arkita</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Daesoo%22">Kim, Daesoo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cho%2C+Jang+Hee%22">Cho, Jang Hee</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chung%2C+Donghyuk%22">Chung, Donghyuk</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palmer%2C+Jack+R%2E%22">Palmer, Jack R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vences%2C+Kelly+X%2E%22">Vences, Kelly X.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deng%2C+Zhewen+J%2E+D%2E%22">Deng, Zhewen J. D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Yanqi%22">Luo, Yanqi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lai%2C+Barry%22">Lai, Barry</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Tao%22">Zhou, Tao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Zhonghou%22">Cai, Zhonghou</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holt%2C+Martin+V%2E%22">Holt, Martin V.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 10/8/2026, Vol. 394 Issue 6820, p228-233. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc+halides%22">Zinc halides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+grain+boundaries%22">Crystal grain boundaries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perovskite+crystallography%22">Perovskite crystallography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+treatment%22">Heat treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methyl+chloride%22">Methyl chloride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cell+efficiency%22">Solar cell efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorescence+yield%22">Fluorescence yield</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Improvements to the radiative efficiency of halide perovskite thin films are necessary to approach fundamental solar cell performance limits. We tailored perovskite crystallization by leveraging the eutectic interaction between zinc bromide and methylammonium chloride additives. The resulting films had high photoluminescence quantum yield and charge carrier decay times and low surface recombination velocity. Nanoprobe x-ray microscopy revealed local melting of the eutectic at grain boundaries during annealing that reduced intragranular structural defect density. Annealing also homogenized the halide distribution and caused zinc segregation to grain boundaries. Solar cells fabricated with the volatile eutectic reached 26.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE, certified 25.9%), and perovskite minimodules (areas more than 15 square centimeters) had 23.9% PCE. Small-area cells with a poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] hole transporter retained 85.8% of their initial 24.1% PCE after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. Furthermore, this approach enables 26.1% external quantum efficiency as light-emitting diodes. Editor's summary: Adding zinc halide and methylammonium chloride salts to perovskite inks creates a eutectic that enhances crystallization and passivation. Yoo et al. showed that local melting of the eutectic mixture at grain boundaries during annealing enhances grain ripening. This process also redistributes zinc to grain boundaries and interfaces, where it likely forms a zinc iodide interstitial species that helps to passivate nonradiative defects. Small-area cells retained 85.8% of their initial power conversion efficiency of 24.1% after 1400 hours of continuous operation at 85°C. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=197680557
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        Value: 10.1126/science.aeb4554
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Zinc halides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal grain boundaries
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      – SubjectFull: Perovskite crystallography
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      – SubjectFull: Solar cell efficiency
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      – SubjectFull: Fluorescence yield
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              Text: 10/8/2026
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