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Resilience Factors Counteract Intergenerational Risk for Adolescent Maladjustment Related to Family Mental Health History and Childhood Adversity

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Title: Resilience Factors Counteract Intergenerational Risk for Adolescent Maladjustment Related to Family Mental Health History and Childhood Adversity
Language: English
Authors: Libera Ylenia Mastromatteo (ORCID 0000-0001-8870-7630), Jonathan L. Helm, Jonas G. Miller
Source: Developmental Psychology. 2025 61(12):2238-2253.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: R01HD36916
R01HD39135
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Resilience (Psychology), Risk, Adolescents, Adjustment (to Environment), Mental Health, Family Characteristics, Early Experience, Grandparents, Persistence, Interpersonal Competence, Race, Ethnicity, Student School Relationship, Social Behavior
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Conflict Tactics Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Social Skills Rating System
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001889
ISSN: 0012-1649
1939-0599
Abstract: Intergenerational risk within families, stemming from familial history of mental health problems and encompassing exposure to childhood adversity, poses challenges to adolescent adjustment. However, it is important to recognize that negative developmental outcomes associated with intergenerational risk are not inevitable. To better understand resilience in this context, there is a need for studies that systematically compare different models of resilience. Further, few studies have estimated what level of adjustment should be expected for youth with high intergenerational risk but also a diverse set of strengths and competencies. Here, an intergenerational risk pathway and compensatory and protective resilience models were evaluated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,897, 52% female, 49% non-Hispanic Black at the age 15 assessment). The link between history of mental health problems in maternal grandparents and adolescent maladjustment (depressive symptoms, substance use, delinquent behavior, and troubles at school) was serially mediated through maternal mental health problems and its association with children's exposure to adversity. Data-driven trajectory analyses identified participants characterized by increased exposure to multiple types of adversity across childhood. Chronic exposure to multiple adversities, in turn, predicted increased adolescent maladjustment. Yet, resilience factors, including childhood social skills, perseverance, and connectedness at school, effectively offset intergenerational risks. Adolescents with high intergenerational risk who experienced high levels of these childhood assets demonstrated adjustment that was comparable to their average-risk and low-risk peers. These findings advance our understanding of pathways of intergenerational risk and provide new evidence for a compensatory model over a protective model of resilience.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/mju93
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1502898
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Resilience Factors Counteract Intergenerational Risk for Adolescent Maladjustment Related to Family Mental Health History and Childhood Adversity
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Libera+Ylenia+Mastromatteo%22">Libera Ylenia Mastromatteo</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-7630">0000-0001-8870-7630</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jonathan+L%2E+Helm%22">Jonathan L. Helm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jonas+G%2E+Miller%22">Jonas G. Miller</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. 2025 61(12):2238-2253.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 16
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
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  Data: Intergenerational risk within families, stemming from familial history of mental health problems and encompassing exposure to childhood adversity, poses challenges to adolescent adjustment. However, it is important to recognize that negative developmental outcomes associated with intergenerational risk are not inevitable. To better understand resilience in this context, there is a need for studies that systematically compare different models of resilience. Further, few studies have estimated what level of adjustment should be expected for youth with high intergenerational risk but also a diverse set of strengths and competencies. Here, an intergenerational risk pathway and compensatory and protective resilience models were evaluated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,897, 52% female, 49% non-Hispanic Black at the age 15 assessment). The link between history of mental health problems in maternal grandparents and adolescent maladjustment (depressive symptoms, substance use, delinquent behavior, and troubles at school) was serially mediated through maternal mental health problems and its association with children's exposure to adversity. Data-driven trajectory analyses identified participants characterized by increased exposure to multiple types of adversity across childhood. Chronic exposure to multiple adversities, in turn, predicted increased adolescent maladjustment. Yet, resilience factors, including childhood social skills, perseverance, and connectedness at school, effectively offset intergenerational risks. Adolescents with high intergenerational risk who experienced high levels of these childhood assets demonstrated adjustment that was comparable to their average-risk and low-risk peers. These findings advance our understanding of pathways of intergenerational risk and provide new evidence for a compensatory model over a protective model of resilience.
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  Data: https://osf.io/mju93
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        Value: 10.1037/dev0001889
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      – SubjectFull: Resilience (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Risk
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      – SubjectFull: Adolescents
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